| Serpentine | Zhang et al. | Buckling in serpentine microstructures and applications in elastomer-supported ultra-stretchable electronics with high areal coverage | Soft Matter 2013 | Mechanically programmed deformation using serpentine interconnects with out of-plane buckling, achieving up to 172% stretchability and stable conductivity under extremes train for soft electronic surfaces. |
| Kirigami | Lie et al. | Robust and multifunctional kirigami electronics with a tough and permeable aramid nanofiber framework | Adv. Mater. 2022 | Kirigami-patterned nanofiber composite platform enabling>130% stretchability and robust physiological sensing via transferprinted circuits and PEDOT- in-fused porous networks for breathable, skin-conformal soft electronics. |
| He et al. | A kirigami-based reconfigurable meta surface for selective electromagnetic transmission modulation | npj Flex. Electron. 2024 | Kirigami-enabled mechanical reconfiguration of SRR metasurfaces on PI sub-strates, allowing polarization-selective EM wave modulation through strain-in-duced 3D transformation without active components. |
| Auxetic | Loh et al. | 3D printed metamaterial capacitive sensing array for universal jamming gripper and human joint wearables | Adv. Eng. Mater. 20221 | Auxetic 3D-printed capacitive sensor array enabling decoupled force sensing on deformable surfaces, with stable performance under strain and personalized conformability for soft robotics and wearables |